2009年4月25日星期六

Why the American car market should adopt diesel


By Gavin Green
Motoring issues

The chairman of General Motors, Rick Wagoner, once told me – over a Starbucks cappuccino and bran muffin in his office in Detroit – that his worst managerial mistake was to kill the EV1 electric car. ‘It didn’t affect profitability but it did affect image,’ said the boss now unkindly known as Red Ink Rick. GM handed the environmental initiative to Toyota and its Prius.

Perhaps. But a much bigger GM powertrain faux pas, done well before Wagoner’s watch, was killing diesel development following the debacle of America’s first production car diesel engine – it powered various big barges, including Cadillacs and Oldsmobiles, in the late Seventies and early Eighties. The engine was a dieselised version of an existing Oldsmobile gasoline V8 and was designed to help boost GM’s CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) figures. It was also utterly hopeless. But if GM had persisted with diesel, they – and the rest of the US industry, which would have followed suit – would not be in the straits they’re in now.

Diesel is perfect for Yank cars. American cars should be expansive, comfortable, stylish, distinctive and packed with muscle. The classic Yank engine is the V8: low revving, masses of low-end torque, big dollops of the big easy. The spiritual successor to the old Yank V8 is the big-chested tons-of-torque new-generation turbodiesel. There is one key difference. Instead of slurping fuel like a fighter jet, diesels sip like a teetotal miser.

If GM had persisted with diesel, Yanks could still today drive gloriously expansive big cars – which they want – and save a fortune at the pumps (reducing their dependence on the Middle East and their carbon emissions). Another reason for enthusiastically adopting diesel is that the Japanese, their main auto enemy, still aren’t terribly good at it (the Japanese don’t buy diesels). The Yanks in Europe, especially Ford with its PSA alliance, make some great diesel engines. Inexplicably, they don’t market any of them in America.

I read in many UK newspapers that the ‘Big Three’ have failed because they do not offer Americans the ‘small, fuel efficient cars they want’. This, as with so much automotive analysis from Fleet Street, is nonsense. They certainly want more fuel efficient cars. But they don’t want small cars. Yanks think big. With diesel, they could stay big but also enjoy small fuel bills.

Nissan GT-R beats the Germans - again!

By Gareth Evans
Motoring issues

Prospective buyers of the Nissan GTR have another reason to brag over their German competitors thanks to the latest residual value figures released by CAP Monitor.

After 12 months or 10,000 miles, independent used car valuation data provider CAP Monitor predicts the new GTR will be worth 84% of its new list price. This puts the latest Godzilla incarnation well ahead of rivals from Porsche, Audi and BMW.

CAP forecasts that a Porsche 911 Carrera will cling onto just 68% of its value after the first year of ownership, which may dent the German’s pride just that tiny bit more in light of the battle between Porsche and Nissan at the Nurburgring in 2008.

Buying a BMW M3 or M5 will see up to 40% of the value disappear in the first year, says CAP, while even the brilliant Audi R8 is playing catch-up with Nissan; it retains 73% of the showroom tag after 12 months.



New redesigned April 2009 issue of CAR Magazine



By Ben Pulman
Motoring issues

The new April 2009 issue of CAR Magazine is out now with a brand new look. We've listened to your feedback and spent nearly half a year plotting important changes to make your favourite motoring mag even better. Scroll below for our digital preview.



There's a fresh new design to showcase the incisive writing and beautiful photography for which CAR is famed. We've revived some of our greatest hits: GBU, Giant Test and Insider are back, and there are more of the drives, news and analysis you asked for. The new issue features some stunning cars: we pit the Jag XFR against the M5 and RS6; test the Toyota iQ against the Smart; drive the new Audi R8 V10 supercar; and name the Focus RS's place in the pantheon of great hot hatches.

This isn't a knee-jerk redesign. We're improving CAR from a position of strength; last week we posted an ABC audited 6% circulation increase period-on-period – the biggest rise of any mainstream UK motoring title in a sector that's shrinking. So check out our digital sampler below.

Edited highlights of the new April 2009 issue – out on Wednesday 25 February – include:

• Ford's new Focus RS vs 12 hot hatch icons
• Jaguar's XFR takes on the BMW M5 and Audi RS6
• GBU: every car reviewed, every month. No punches held
• We take Audi's R8 V10 to Europe's highest road
• Toyota's iQ group tested against the Smart and Fiat 500
• Insider: the new section packed with analysis and industry news
• Bentley's boss tells us how the company will survive
• We stick our neck out and tell you why BMW will win F1 in 2009
• Driven: C3 Picasso, Porsche's diesel Cayenne, new Mazda 3, Mini cabrio, plus 18 other tests
• Design story: exclusive shoot with Audi's A1
• First pictures of BMW's GT5, Rolls-Royce's 200EX and new Aston convertible
• The CAR interview: we meet Mr Tamiya, the radio control car legend
• The full story on Porsche's next 911, plus scoops of McLaren P11 and Jaguar XJ
• CAR columnists: Gavin Green, Mark Walton, Chris Chilton
• Long-termers: VW Golf, Audi TT, Jaguar XF, Ford Kuga, Caterham Seven, Lexus IS-F, Citroen C-Crosser, Mitsubishi Evo X, VW California, Ford Fiesta, Renaultsport Twingo, Bentley Continental GT and Audi A5

Help CAR find the best hot hatch of all time

By Tim Pollard
Motoring issues

The poll is closed, votings over click here for the latest instalment of the greatest hot hatches.
You've been voting over the past fortnight for your greatest hot hatch of all time – and there are still two weeks left to influence our poll. At the time of writing, the top ten is led (perhaps curiously!) by the Saab 99 Turbo, followed by the Lancia Delta Integrale, VW Golf GTi Mk1 and Peugeot 205 GTI. Have you voted yet? If not, scroll down to the poll at the foot of this page and click on your favourite pocket rocket. Voting closes on 1 February 2009, so spread the word and get your mates to vote too.

CAR's online poll: the background

Two thousand and nine is going to be an epic year for hot hatches. We’ve got the new Ford Focus RS and VW Golf GTI Mk6 waiting in the wings, and Renaultsport won’t be far behind with its new hot Megane.


Help CAR Magazine name the definitive best hot hatch of all time in our new poll. We want the hundreds of thousands of users of CAR Online to have your say and vote for your favourite pocket rocket. We’ve had an argument in the office and come up with the following choices, but if we’ve missed one off, add your suggestion in the ‘Other’ box of the poll below and – if there is a groundswell of opinion – we’ll add your choices in to the poll.

Motoring April Fool’s 2009: the best and worst






By Tim Pollard
Motoring issues
Those crazy car makers have been letting their hair down to present us with an array of April Fool’s Day fodder. We’ve handily collated all the gags and jokes that’ve landed in our intray today – and you can name and shame the best and worst in our CAR Magazine poll below. So read and weep – and then vote!


1) Seat Exeo Aero-Tonto
Barcelona boffins have invented an over-blown wind turbine for their new Ibiza Ecomotive – and that roof-mounted generator is claimed to contribute 3mpg to the standard car’s 94.1mpg extra urban figure. The Aero Tonto windmill can produce enough electricity to power the car’s headlights – and when it’s not spinning like a top on your roof, the blades fold around the bee-sting aerial so you can drive through car washes. Chief development engineer Santos Inocentes claimed future versions of Aero-Tonto would carry eight blades measuring three feet in length. A bit of a tall order, we think…

2) Hyundai i10 Popemobile
Hyundai’s humorists today announced a new i10 model targeted at the world’s political and religious leaders. Aimed at cutting VIPs’ carbon emissions, the i10 Popemobile is powered by an asthmatic 1.2-litre Kappa engine which produces just 119g/km – great for massaging politicians’ green egos, not so good for zooming away from potential hijack situations (especially with the organic bulletproof armour option). The leader can sit or stand in the raised VIP pod, whose seat upholstery is made up ‘of parts of a tapestry woven by monks from the Indian city of Utta Bullacs’. Says it all!

3) Kia Aero-Soul
Another take on wind-powered cars immediately struck us as a load of hot air. Kia’s new Aero-Soul concept is claimed to be a new eco tool to cut fuel consumption by harnessing the power of following wind – and it can be fitted to any new or old Kia model. The idea is simple: wind sails deploy from the front or rear of the car, depending on wind strength and direction to boost propulsion, while a rear air brake rises to help in an emergency stop. We never thought we’d see a roadgoing Kia with McLaren’s SLR technology. Kia claims its Air Propulsion and Retardation Installation Line will go on sale on 1 April 2010.

How to buy a secondhand Ferrari 308 GTB




By Chris Chilton
Motoring issues
The huge appeal and increasing affordability of the 355 and its slightly less polished predecessor, the 348 – yours from just £20k, or below for a leggy one – have done plenty to depress values of the 308 GTB and its GTS open-topped cousin. But these impossibly pretty successors to the Dino 246 are still a perfect way into Ferrari ownership – and a totally different experience, feeling closer to the Dino than a 348, but available for a fraction of the price of a decent 246. Better news still, depreciation isn’t a worry because prices have stabilised after a period of stagnation.

Jim Heywood’s glassfibre-bodied example is one of just 87 right-hookers built before the switch to steel panels. Which also means it’s on carbs and is delivering a healthy 240bhp. ‘The carburettor cars are the best in terms of engine response,’ says Karl Virdi, ‘most people steer clear of the ’81-82 injected cars. They’re down on power and feel soft, although the 32v QV cars that followed were much better.’

The engine’s transverse location means it’s much cheaper to run than its successors, particularly when it comes to the cambelt change – a relative snip at £350 plus VAT.

Less impressive is the 308’s resistance to rot, the bottom of the front wing ahead of the door being the worst culprit. Glassfibre bodies don’t rust of course, but they can crack and chip.

Good 308s can command up to £30k. Virdi reckons GRP cars aren’t worth any more than steel these days although Mike Wheeler says racers still like them for their lower kerbweight. Both agree that you’ll need to pay more for a GTS than a GTB. Keep looking and you should be able to pick up a sound right-hand drive GTB for the low twenty-somethings. There are plenty around for £22k, and there's decent choice starting from just £18k.

Ferrari 308 GTB: the driving experience
Even the youngest Ferrari 308 is heading for its quarter century, so it’s no surprise that they don’t drive like modern cars. With no power steering and, on early cars, a heavy clutch, they demand muscle at low speeds, particularly if, as many have, you’ve switched the dainty 14in rims for 16s.

Some of the 308’s interior trim is poor quality but the driving position is surprisingly good. The dog-leg gearbox is slightly stiff but the trick is to be assertive. And remember to skip second gear when changing up from first to avoid crunching when the oil is cold.

On the move it feels lighter than its near-1400kg and incredibly compact - making it ideal for B-roads where the steering lightens up, with the wheel wriggling comfortingly in your hands.

The noise might surprise you too. This carb-fed car sounds really rorty at low revs, and slightly hard-edged, like a twin-cam four, before shifting to a more exotic tune as you head towards the redline.

It’s not blindingly fast – 60mph takes 6.7sec – but neither does it ever feel lacking in grunt like the earlier Dino can and the throttle response is sharper than a Private Eye cover.

Ferrari 308 GTB: the spec
Engine: 2926cc 16v V8, 240bhp @ 6600rpm, 195lbft @ 5000rpm
Transmission: Five-speed manual, rear-wheel drive
Performance: 0-60mph 6.7secs, 154mph
Weight: 1400kg
Years made: 1977-1985
Number built: 7412
Price new: £16,499
Price now: £22,000

Ferrari 308 GTB: the buying advice
What to look out for: The engines are very good on these cars and other than the usual checks for oil leaks and misfires they are fairly sound. The main thing to watch out for is corrosion along the swage line especially above the front and rear bumpers and front arches.

Service schedule: Ferrari recommends a service every 6250 miles but the 308 benefits from a yearly service. The cambelts should be changed once every two years or 25,000 miles, whichever is sooner.

Cost of minor service: Independent Ferrari servicing broker Route324.com would typically source the yearly service about £400-£450 + VAT.

Cost of major service: A major service will cost in the region of £800, but if combined with the cambelts, the service can be sourced for £1000. If the valve clearances need doing, then it could add another £800 on top.

Typical spare parts prices: A new clutch on a Ferrari 308 costs around £550 + VAT (including fitting), while front brake pads and discs will cost £540 + VAT at an independent specialist.

Verdict: The Ferrari 308 GTB is a superb entry level Ferrari that is great fun and has excellent reliability. Resale values are holding very well – and it may even prove to be an investment

How to buy a secondhand Ferrari 456

By Chris Chilton
Motoring issues

It’s not just old Ferrari relics that are within grasp of the sporting bargain hunter. Take the 456 GT, a revelation when launched in 1992 and still rolling out of Maranello’s gates as little as eight years ago. Never mind that you’d need to fork out £212,613 for its proportionally challenged 612 Scaglietti successor today: even the early 456s cost over £140k, but are now changing hands for as little as £29k for '94 and '95 cars.

The value of Ferrari’s big 2+2s have always gone down the tubes like used toilet roll, but not all have looked as beautiful as the 456, whose Pininfarina lines so cleverly disguise the car’s practicality. It can’t quite match a 612 for rear space but the back seats aren’t the joke you might expect and the ride quality is great – perfect for that imaginary trip to the south of France.

Mike Wheeler of Surrey-based Rardley Motors (www.rardleymotors.co.uk) reckons he shifts more 456s than anyone else in the country and says the big coupés make real sense, but only if you service them at independents. He would say that of course, but he’s right. ‘Take the rear self-levelling suspension unit,’ says Mike. ‘A franchised dealer will want £800 for a replacement, but a specialist will send it back to Bilstein who’ll rebuild it for a tenth of the price.’

Centre console plastics suffer from bubbling because of the heat from the bulbs beneath, windows become misaligned and engines can weep oil, but they’re fundamentally strong cars, says Wheeler.

Early left-hookers are dipping into the mid to late £20ks but it'll take £30k-plus to buy a nice right-hand drive car. Auto versions became available from 1997 and are often less than a manual of the same age – perhaps because most buyers went for the two-pedal option, so that’s what you’re most likely to find when looking at late-’90s cars.

Ferrari 456: the driving experience

Your most likely criticism of the 456 is that it just doesn’t feel supercar enough in that first instant you get behind the wheel. The leather, the dials and the imposing transmission tunnel all impress, it’s just that you could be in a big luxury saloon.

But it’s a GT, remember. So it’s only right that the cabin feels airy rather than claustrophobic. It’s also right that the seats are built for comfort and that the ride quality is so staggeringly good.

Given all that, it’s something of a revelation to discover just how capable the 456 is when you turn up the wick. For a start, it still feels seriously quick, reaching 100mph in about 11 seconds.

By the mid-’90s Ferrari had dropped the dog-leg gearshift layout for a conventional H-pattern gearbox, making stop-start traffic less of a pain. But if you really want an easy life, the full auto version is barely any slower, taking just 5.6sec to reach 60mph, just two-tenths of a second adrift of the manual car.

And although there’s a hulking great V12 engine up front, this car still has real balance. When you’re driving it hard you can feel the outside rear tyre load up without ever needing to worry about it actually letting go, despite the absence of traction control to rein in the impressive 442bhp.

Ferrari 456: the spec
Engine: 5474cc 48v V12, 442bhp @ 6250rpm, 405lb ft @ 4500rpm
Transmission: Six-speed manual, rear-wheel drive
Performance: 0-62mph 5.4sec, 186mph
Weight: 1690kg
Years made: 1992-2003
Number built: 2600
Price new: £156,445
Price now: £35,000

Ferrari 456: the buying advice
What to look out for: These are true four-seaters, costing north of £170,000 when new. The 456 is essentially a detuned 550 with that glorious V12, plus a pair of rear seats. You’ll have a choice of manual or automatic, so it’s worth ensuring that the car comes with a warranty given the auto boxes can cost a small fortune to replace or service. Other areas to consider are the window seals; the electric windows have a tendency to wear the regulator mechanism which leads to gaps between the glass and the B-pillar, costing approximately £800 a side to renew or £300 for a fix. Ferrari also recommends that shock absorbers get replaced/reconditioned every six years. Rather than buy new at considerable cost, we’d suggest you get them reconditioned by Bilstein UK for £80 per corner. Budget to spend £2000-2500 per year for general servicing and tyres.

Service schedule: Ferrari 456s require a minor service every 6000 miles or annually (whichever arrives first), and a full cambelt change every three years or 24,000 miles. Otherwise they’re pretty sturdy.

Cost of minor service: Independent Ferrari specialist Route324.com typically charges £450 for a minor service – roughly half a franchised dealer cost. If you prefer the safety of a franchised dealer stamp, Route324 can source a main garage service for as little as £800 + VAT.

Cost of major service: Independent specialists charge around £1200 for a major service. Clutches can be renewed whilst the engine is in situ, but it’s still a two-day job.

Typical spare parts prices: Shop around at independents for a 456 clutch and you’ll find one for as little as £1200-£1400 (plus VAT but including fitting). Select a reconditioned gearbox, and you’ll find an auto box for around £6000 + VAT, or a more reasonable £2500 for a stick shift.

Verdict: The 456 is great value now – it’s one of the hidden gems of the Ferrari range. Buy carefully and you’ll grab a brilliant four-seater – but prices of the 550 might make you think twice.